Which constitutional amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures?

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution specifically protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. This amendment establishes the principle that law enforcement must obtain a warrant based on probable cause before conducting searches or making arrests, thereby safeguarding citizens' privacy and personal property. It reflects a fundamental value of the legal system that seeks to balance the need for law enforcement to maintain public safety with the rights of individuals to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects.

The other amendments mentioned do not focus on the issue of searches and seizures. The First Amendment primarily addresses freedoms concerning religion, speech, and assembly; the Fifth Amendment deals with rights related to criminal proceedings, such as protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy; and the Sixth Amendment guarantees the rights of criminal defendants, including the right to a fair trial. Each of these amendments plays an important role in the protections afforded to individuals, but the Fourth Amendment is the one that directly pertains to searches and seizures.