What type of evidence is introduced as a substitute for the real item?

Demonstrative evidence is indeed introduced as a substitute for the real item in various legal contexts. This type of evidence is used to help illustrate or explain the facts of the case to the judge and jury. It does not substitute for the actual evidence but serves to represent it, such as through charts, diagrams, models, or simulations. This kind of evidence is especially useful when the physical evidence is too difficult to present directly or when showcasing complex circumstances that require visual representation for better understanding.

Real evidence, on the other hand, refers to physical objects that were directly involved in the case, whereas testimonial evidence consists of what witnesses say regarding their observations or knowledge about the case. Best evidence, similarly, refers to the most authoritative proof of a document, typically requiring an original document or the best possible representation of it. Demonstrative evidence functions to enhance comprehension and clarity, making it an essential tool in effective legal presentations.