What is the third primary level of scrutiny developed by the US Supreme Court?

The third primary level of scrutiny developed by the US Supreme Court is known as the "strict scrutiny" test rather than the "reasonableness test." The strict scrutiny standard is applied in cases where legislation or actions classify individuals based on race, national origin, or when fundamental rights are involved. Under this level of scrutiny, the government must demonstrate that the law or action is necessary to achieve a compelling governmental interest and that it is narrowly tailored to achieve that interest.

The reasonableness test is primarily associated with the rational basis review, which is the lowest level of scrutiny. It is used for cases that do not involve suspect classifications or fundamental rights. This test assumes that laws are constitutional as long as they are reasonably related to a legitimate government interest.

Understanding the distinctions among these levels of scrutiny is crucial in constitutional law, as they determine how courts review legislation and government actions based on the rights and classifications at stake.