In the Heller case, what did the US Supreme Court establish about the Second Amendment?

The Heller case, formally known as District of Columbia v. Heller, was a landmark decision by the US Supreme Court that clarified the scope of the Second Amendment. The Court established that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to possess a firearm for private use within the home, emphasizing the importance of self-defense as a fundamental aspect of that right. This ruling recognized the personal and individual nature of the right to bear arms, particularly in the context of safeguarding oneself and one’s family within the home.

This interpretation by the Supreme Court was pivotal because it not only reaffirmed the right to bear arms but also placed a significant spotlight on the context under which this right is exercised. The ruling has influenced subsequent legal interpretations and discussions surrounding gun rights in both private and public settings.

The other options do not accurately reflect the ruling in the Heller case, as it does not limit the Second Amendment to state laws, nor does it suggest unrestricted rights to carry firearms in public or permits for concealed carry without restrictions. Instead, it is a carefully defined right focusing primarily on private possession and use within the home.